The Unicode Plane 1 (SMP) Architecture
The basic Latin alphabet resides in Unicode Plane 0 (Basic Multilingual Plane, BMP). However, Unicode allocates Plane 1 (Supplementary Multilingual Plane, SMP) spanning code points U+1D400 through U+1D7FF specifically for Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols. This range contains dedicated code points for Mathematical Bold, Italic, Script (Cursive), Fraktur (Gothic), and Double-Struck characters, guaranteeing native rendering across iOS, Android, and Windows.